Tibetan numerals is the numeral system of the Tibetan script and a variety of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. It is used in the Tibetan language[1][2] and has a base-10 counting system.[3] The Mongolian numerals were also developed from the Tibetan numerals.[4][5]

Cardinal numbers

Arabic numeralTibetan numeralTibetan wordRomanisation
0༠ཀླད་ཀོར་laykor
1༡གཅིག་chig [t͡ɕi˥˩]
2༢གཉིས་nyi [ȵiː˥˥]
3༣གསུམ་sum [sum˥˥]
4༤བཞི་shi [ɕi˩˧]
5༥ལྔ་nga [ŋa˥˥]
6༦དྲུག་trug [ʈ͡ʂʰu˩˧˨]
7༧བདུན་dün [tỹ˩˧]
8༨བརྒྱད་gyay [cɛː˩˧˨]
9༩དགུ་gu [ku˩˧]

Extended numbers

Arabic numeralTibetan numeralTibetan wordRomanisation
10༡༠བཅུ་chu
11༡༡བཅུ་གཅིག་chu ji
12༡༢བཅུ་གཉིས་chu nyi
13༡༣བཅུ་གསུམ་chuk sum
14༡༤བཅུ་བཞི་chu shi
15༡༥བཅུ་ལྔ་chü nga
16༡༦བཅུ་དྲུག་chu druk
17༡༧བཅུ་བདུན་chup dün
18༡༨བཅུ་པརྒྱདchup gyay
19༡༩བཅུ་དགུ་chu gu
20༢༠ཉི་ཤུ་nyi shu
30༣༠སུམ་ཅུsum ju
40༤༠བཞི་བཅུship ju
50༥༠ལྔ་བཅུngap ju
60༦༠དྲུག་ཅུtrug chu
70༧༠བདུན་ཅུdün ju
80༨༠བརྒྱད་ཅུgyay ju
90༩༠དགུ་བཅུgup ju
100༡༠༠བརྒྱ་gya
1,000༡༠༠༠སྟོང་tong
10,000༡༠༠༠༠ཁྲི་thri
1,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠ས་ཡ་sa ya
10,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠བྱེ་བ་che wa
100,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠དུང་ཕྱུར་dung chur
1,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཐེར་འབུམ་ther pum
10,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཐེར་འབུམ་ཆེན་པོ་ther pum chen po
100,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་thrag trig
1,000,000,000,000༡༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠༠ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་ཆེན་པོ་thrag trig chen po

Ordinals

Arabic numeralTibetan numeralTibetan ordinal wordRomanisation
1༡དང་པོ་dang po [tʰaŋ˩˧.ko˥˥]
2༢གཉིས་པ་nyi pa
3༣གསུམ་པ་sum pa
4༤བཞི་པ་shi pa
5༥ལྔ་པ་nga pa
6༦དྲུག་པ་trug pa
7༧བདུན་པ་dün pa
8༨བརྒྱད་པ་gyay pa
9༩དགུ་པ་gu pa
10༡༠བཅུ་པ་chu pa

Fractions

7½-skar postage stamp, the evidence for the ༱ symbol being used for 7.5.[6]

Several slashed forms of Tibetan numerals are included in Unicode to represent fractions. However, their exact meaning and authenticity are unclear.[6]

Tibetan fractions ༳༪༫༬༭༮༯༰༱༲
Values -0.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.5

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Tibetan (བོད་སྐད)". Omniglot. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  2. ↑ "Numbers in Tibetan". Omniglot. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  3. ↑ Tournadre, Nicolas; Dorje, Sangda (2003). Manual of Standard Tibetan: Language and civilization. Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 1559391898. OCLC 53477676.
  4. ↑ Chrisomalis, Stephen (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521878180.
  5. ↑ "The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification: South and Central Asia-II" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  6. 1 2 "Numbers that Don't Add up – Tibetan Half Digits". BabelStone. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
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