Norma Meras Swenson (born 1932) is an activist, a medical sociologist and a leader in the developing woman's health movement. She co-authored Our Bodies, Ourselves (OBOS), co-founded the Boston Women's Health Book Collective, and served as president of the OBOS nonprofit organization for several years. Swenson was OBOS's first director of international programs, disseminating and translating the book into more than 30 languages.^[1] She continues to provide support to women's groups and maternal health clinics^[2] by assisting women-led organizations that work for social change in maternity care, in reproductive justice, and in healthcare-related human rights. OBOS has impacted women's health in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe, the United States and Canada.^[3] As a global community organizer, Swenson consults with national governments, private foundations and organizations, including the World Health Organization.^[4]

Education

A graduate of Tufts University, Swenson studied medical sociology, and subsequently won a Danforth Foundation Fellowship to work with the medical sociologist Irving Zola at Brandeis University. Swenson earned an M.P.H (Master of Public Health) from the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH).

Career

Her career in Public Health focused on the improvement of women's health care through education and global community organization to provide equal health care for women. She believes that education is the key to breaking down walls of inequality.^[1] Swenson' reform efforts in maternal healthcare began in the 1960s at the Boston Association for Childbirth Education and carried throughout her career. She currently continues to advise this group as a board member.^[4] After receiving her Master of Public Health degree, Swenson taught medical and graduate students about health, gender and sexuality in her course “Women, Health, and Development From a Global Perspective" in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Departments at HSPH for over 20 years.^[3] While at Harvard she served on the HSPH Alumni Council, and is a founding member and former faculty in the concentration on women, gender, and health.^[5] Swenson is also an Affiliate of the Women Gender & Sexuality program at Harvard's Faculty of Arts & Sciences, and a member of the group on Reproductive Health and Rights at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.^[6] She recently participated in an interdisciplinary course, Gender, Health, and Marginalization, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Graduate Consortium of Women’s Studies.^[2]

Our Bodies Ourselves

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a time when women were meeting in groups across the country to share and expose injustices in their lives, Norma Swenson, a medical sociologist, and Nancy Miriam Hawley, a social worker, began meeting at their kitchen tables in Boston with other women about their health, their experiences with healthcare, questions about sexuality and their bodies only to discover many shared similar frustrations and misinformation.^[7] The group grew to 12 women who spent an entire summer researching the answers to the list of medical questions they developed. Surprised to discover they were able to write informative answers, they were inspired to share their research findings in a 193-page booklet and course called Women and Their Bodies, which led directly to the first edition of Our Bodies, Ourselves in 1971.^[8] The nonprofit known as the Boston Women's Health Book Collective was created to maintain their findings and continue to revise and republish the book, the name being later to be changed to OBOS. Their mission was to offer fellow women more cohesive and non-biased medical information.

Swenson also utilized her knowledge on topics such as sexuality, childbirth, menopause, housing, work, retirement, money, care giving, medical problems, and death to contribute to books such as Ourselves, Growing Older (viewed from the perspective of the older woman in OBOS).^[9] In addition to Our Bodies, Ourselves, Swenson contributed to editions of the Boston Women's Health Book Collective's other publications including guide for aging women: Ourselves Growing Older: Women Aging with Knowledge and Power ^[2] The sharing of experiences is a feature of Ourselves, Growing Older as it is in OBOS.

She's Beautiful When She's Angry

The film She's Beautiful When She's Angry explains the history of the women who founded the modern women's movement from 1966 to 1971. The movie moves from the founding of NOW, with women in hats and gloves, to the beginning of more radical groups of women's liberation. "She's Beautiful When She's Angry" articulates the stories of 30 individual women and the Our Bodies Ourselves collective, all of which fought for their own equality and in the process created a revolution.^[10] Created by filmmaker Mary Dore, "She's Beautiful When She's Angry" is the first film about second-wave feminism to illustrate clearly the distinctions between what became the global women's health movement and how, as a movement, OBOS was somewhat closer to the heart of women's liberation than to mainstream feminism at the time. Rather than celebrating "girl power," Dore illustrates an honest, critical, and inclusive image of the history of second wave feminism.^[11] "It explains the place of Our Bodies, Ourselves in providing a feminist guide to women's health and medical care, while providing a bibliography for who was organizing and how to organize for both local and national change."^[12]

Swenson's mother was eight years old when women won the right to vote and electricity came to the immigrant farming community where she was born. By the time Swenson became a mother, she was president of a women’s rights organization. Thus, why Swenson feels, "one of the high points of She’s Beautiful When She’s Angry is the tribute paid and the link made to that first wave, which started with such a sweeping agenda and ended after less than a century with the single, narrow goal of giving women the right to vote."^[13]

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