Silsila

Silsila (also spelt "Silsileh" and known as Gebel es-Silsila) is an Egyptian locality - a range of sandstone hills - in the region of Upper Egypt, located on the river Nile some 42 km south of Edfu, alomost immediately north of Kom Ombo and some 65 km north of Aswan. Of huge geological and Egyptological significance, the gorge and ancient quarries of Silsila - together with their associated monuments - represent an interesting stop on the road or river journey through Upper Egypt.

Rock temples of Ramses II and Merenptah

The river Nile narrows at Silsila in order to get through the relatively narrow gorge, composed of steep sandstone cliffs on either side, that it has cut in order to continue its journey far north to the Mediterranean Sea. The locality seems to have formed a natural obstacle to otherwise sedate river traffic, probably reflected in its ancient Egyptian name Khenu, translated as "the Place of Rowing".

Geologically, this gorge marks the point at which the underlying bedrock of Egypt changes from limestone to sandstone. The high quality sandstones at this locality, much in demand, were quarried for centuries during the Pharaonic period and - having been transported up and down the river - were employed in monumental structures the length of Egypt. By the later Ptolemaic and Roman periods, tens of thousands of workers were employed here each year quarrying building stone.

Temple of Haremhab

• The ancient Quarries - a visit to the extensive and atmospheric channels and tunnels carved out over the centuries is well worth undertaking. Most of the quarries are to be found on the eastern bank. Also to be seen are a large number of rock stelae, inscriptions and graffiti
• 33 known rock chapels of the 18th Dynasty, functioning as cenotaphs to various high officials who worked on quarrying expeditions to the area, exist on the western bank with several royal cenotaphs (Seti I, Ramesses II, Merneptah), and together with (to the north):
• 🌍 Speos of Horemheb. A small royal shrine hewn from the rock and dedicated to the late 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Horemheb and 6 other Egyptian deities. The rock temple consists of 4 pillars across its façade, a narrow transverse hall behind these, and a small sanctuary (inner room) with the rock-carved and seated cult images of the 7 deities herein venerated located in a niche in the rear wall (Amun, Mut, Khonsu, Sobek - the local crocodile god, Taweret, Thoth and the Pharaoh Horemheb). Another shrine of Horemheb's building lies 450 m to the north, featuring a number of granite columns, but this is largely unexplored and inaccessible. 

• Aswan
• Edfu