Cule

Cule (pronounced "koo-leh") refers to the fortified manor houses that dot the picturesque landscape, offering a glimpse into the region's rich history and cultural heritage. Most of them have been nominated in 1991 on tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage sites and most lie in rural areas, surrounded by farms and a lovely countryside.

Cula Greceanu from Măldărești, Vâlcea

The Oltenia region, situated in southwestern Romania, is renowned for its captivating landscapes, vibrant folklore, and well-preserved traditions. Cule are fortified country mansions that were built during the medieval and early modern periods. These architectural gems are testament to the wealth and influence of the local nobility, offering insight into the lifestyle and culture of the Oltenian aristocracy.

The history of Cule in Oltenia dates back several centuries. During the medieval era, as conflicts and invasions threatened the region, boyars sought to protect their properties. They constructed fortified manor houses that combined defensive structures with residential areas, creating a safe haven for themselves and their families.

Over time, the defensive features of Cule became less necessary, and they evolved into grandiose residences showcasing the owners' social status and architectural prowess. Many of these magnificent structures were erected between the 16th and 18th centuries.

Cule are characterized by their unique architectural elements, which highlight the cultural and historical context of Oltenia. The structures typically consist of a fortified tower, surrounded by lower wings and defensive walls. The tower, known as "turn," served as the main living quarters and the last line of defense during times of conflict.

The facades of Cule are adorned with ornate decorations, featuring intricate stone carvings, decorative friezes, and decorative motifs. Inside, visitors can admire lavish interiors, including grand halls, spacious rooms, and ceilings.

• Architecture
• Fortifications
• Painted Monasteries, interesting Christian architecture across the border in Romania
• Vratsa, city located in northwestern Bulgaria, known for its medieval tower houses
• Kratovo, located in North Macedonia, this town's architecture reflects its rich history and cultural heritage, with several well-preserved tower houses that date back to the medieval period.