Henry Chapman may refer to:

Politicians

• Henry Chapman (MP) (1556–1623), Member of Parliament for Newcastle-on-Tyne
• Henry Chapman (American politician) (1804–1891), Democratic politician in Pennsylvania
• Henry Samuel Chapman (1803–1881), Australian and New Zealand judge, colonial secretary, attorney-general, journalist and politician
• Henry Chapman (New South Wales politician) (1846–1930), one of the Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1898–1901

Sportsmen

• Henry Chapman (cricketer) (1868–1942), Australian cricketer
• Henry Chapman (rower), 19th-century English rower

Others

• Henry Cadwalader Chapman (1845–1909), American physician and naturalist
• Henry N. Chapman, British physicist, 2015 recipient of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize

See also

• Henry Chapman Mercer (1856–1930), American archaeologist